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Alloy pipes are a type of seamless steel pipe that offer significantly higher performance compared to conventional seamless steel pipes. This is because they contain a higher percentage of chromium, which enhances their resistance to high and low temperatures, as well as corrosion. These properties make them far superior to ordinary seamless steel pipes, and as a result, alloy pipes are widely used in industries such as petroleum, aerospace, chemical processing, power generation, boilers, and military applications.
When it comes to calculating the weight of an alloy pipe, you can use the following formula: (outer diameter - wall thickness) × wall thickness × 0.02483 = weight per meter. Common materials used for alloy tubes include 16-50Mn, 27SiMn, 20-40Cr, 12-42CrMo, 16Mn, 12Cr1MoV, T91, 30CrMo, 15CrMo, 20G, Cr9Mo, 10CrMo910, 15Mo3, 15CrMoV, 35CrMoV, and 45CrMo.
Palladium alloy tubes are specifically designed for hydrogen purification. The process involves passing impure hydrogen into one side of the palladium tube at temperatures between 300°C and 500°C. Once inside, hydrogen molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the tube. Palladium has a unique ability to form unstable chemical bonds with hydrogen due to its incomplete 4d electron layer, allowing hydrogen to be ionized into protons. These protons then pass through the palladium lattice, recombine with electrons, and form pure hydrogen gas on the other side. Impurities and non-dissociated gases cannot pass through, making this method highly effective for obtaining ultra-pure hydrogen.
However, pure palladium is not suitable for long-term use due to its poor mechanical properties, susceptibility to oxidation at high temperatures, and tendency to deform or embrittle. To overcome these issues, palladium alloys are often created by adding elements from Group IB and Group VIII, such as silver, gold, and others. These alloys typically contain around 20-30% silver, with other components present in smaller quantities. The hydrogen permeation rate depends on temperature, membrane thickness, and the pressure difference across the membrane. While increasing temperature and pressure improves permeability, it also reduces the strength of the membrane. Therefore, the operating temperature is usually maintained around 450°C. Certain contaminants, like mercury, arsenic, sulfur compounds, and oils, can poison the palladium, reducing its efficiency and potentially damaging the membrane.
Palladium alloys can be manufactured into tubes or membranes, depending on the application. In addition to hydrogen purification, alloy pipes are also used in various other fields. For example, ABS alloy pipes combined with special cold-melt adhesives are commonly used in building water supply systems and central air conditioning. PC/ABS alloys are also popular in automotive manufacturing, where they are used for exterior parts such as wheel covers, mirror housings, and taillight covers. These materials offer excellent formability, allowing for the production of large and complex parts like car fenders.
In general, alloy pipes are categorized into two main types based on their manufacturing process: seamless steel pipes, made from round billets, and welded steel pipes, produced from plates or strips. Both types are essential in modern industrial applications, offering durability, strength, and versatility. Whether in construction, transportation, or energy sectors, alloy pipes play a critical role in ensuring the efficiency and reliability of various systems.