Recently, the price of natural rubber has skyrocketed and it has reached the highest level in history. This has caused some domestic tire manufacturers to suffer losses. According to industry analysts, the substantial price hike of natural rubber is mainly due to the decline in production of the main producing areas due to the weather and the increase in tire production that led to an increase in demand. In the near future, natural rubber prices will continue to rise, and tire manufacturers will also face raw material shortages. Reduced production of natural rubber led to rapid price rises According to Zheng Yongxiang, deputy director of Shandong Rubber Industry Association, currently the rubber producing areas in the world mainly include Brazil, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries, as well as parts of Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and Fujian in China. “China is a big country in the world of rubber production and a big consumer country. The domestic rubber production is about 500,000 tons. The annual import of natural rubber accounts for more than 70% of the total domestic demand, of which more than 70% of the natural rubber is used in the tire industry. on." Since 2010, due to dry weather in major provinces such as Yunnan, and tapping periods in Thailand, India and other major producing areas, delayed due to rainy weather, natural rubber production has decreased compared to previous years. Natural rubber prices in the second half of 2010 The rapid rise has caused the cost of tire manufacturers to increase. At present, the monthly consumption of natural rubber by tire companies in Shandong Province exceeds 100,000 tons, and the estimated annual consumption is about 1.7 million tons, accounting for about half of the country's natural rubber consumption. Most of the natural rubber sources of Shandong tire manufacturing enterprises have established a fixed channel, including importing directly qualified companies for production and distribution to other companies, or have their own rubber production bases in Thailand and other countries. However, companies that have their own natural rubber production bases overseas only account for a small percentage, and most companies still rely on imports. Xing Zheng, natural rubber analyst at Luneng Jinsui Futures, said that in 2010, dry weather occurred in areas where rubber was produced in the southern provinces of China, and the production capacity of new tire production companies was put into production. This led some traders to think that they were organic and began to pour into natural resources. In the rubber market, “a large amount of money has flooded into the natural rubber futures market, driving up prices, and the futures prices have further affected the spot market for natural rubber, which has also driven up the spot market price.†Taking the rubber 1105 of the Shanghai Futures Exchange as an example, the lowest price on June 8 was 20055, and since then the price has risen. On November 10, it reached the highest value of 38,400 yuan. Although prices fell slightly before November 14, they still hovered around 34,000 yuan, up from 69% at the beginning of June. Some tire companies show signs of losses Fan Rende, president of the China Rubber Industry Association, said that the current high prices of natural rubber caused tires business difficulties, may be said to be the most difficult time in history, the benefits of tire companies have been reduced to a minimum level, the profit rate is less than 3%, companies can not Operation. According to the current development trend, the profitability of many companies will fall below 3%. This situation must cause the government, associations, and enterprises to pay close attention. “In addition to the natural rubber price, the RMB exchange rate is gradually increasing and trade barriers are getting more and more serious. It is predicted that the tire industry will face very severe tests in the next two years,†Fan Rende said. Shandong currently has more than 4,000 rubber processing companies and consumes more than half of the country's rubber. Among them, there are more than 500 motor vehicle tire production enterprises that consume the largest amount of natural rubber, and the output has been ranked first in China since 1985, accounting for nearly 50% of the total national production. Zheng Yongxiang said that in addition to the price increase of natural rubber, Shandong tire manufacturers are also affected by rapid increase in production capacity, profit decline, disorderly industry competition and export restrictions and other aspects, some companies have shown signs of loss. While natural rubber prices are rising, tire manufacturers in Shandong continue to maintain a rapid increase in output. Zheng Yongxiang said: “The current status of the tire industry in the country is that there are many manufacturers and large production volumes. Tire production is increasing throughout the country. Shandong tire production continues to maintain an annual growth rate of more than 30%, resulting in a surge in rubber consumption, resulting in prices. rising." Since the beginning of the rise of natural rubber in 2009, Shandong has added many tire manufacturing companies, causing local tire projects to be launched excessively and production capacity increasing too quickly. Some of the original production of other rubber products, and even rubber-derived chemical products also turned to the production of tires. In addition, some companies outside the natural rubber industry are also entering the field of tire production. For example, some real estate companies have entered the tire industry due to real estate regulation and other reasons. Paper-making companies have also entered this field. Industry sources said that with the limited supply of natural rubber , the rapid expansion of tire production capacity led to a sharp contradiction between the supply and demand of raw materials. “Some tire manufacturers have to purchase natural rubber from traders at a high price. As a result, the production cost will rise a lot, which will affect the profits of the company,†said Zheng Yongxiang. Experts suggest multiple measures to protect raw material supply According to some experts and industry experts, the current domestic tire industry has experienced an out-of-order competition and natural rubber has a high degree of foreign dependence. The tire industry and companies still need to work hard to protect the interests of the industry. First of all, we should make full use of the two major functions of price discovery and risk avoidance in the futures market. We must rationally arrange spot purchases and production and sales plans based on changes in futures market prices, and evade the risk of skyrocketing prices and plunge through the futures market to achieve the effect of hedging. Zheng Yongxiang suggested that in the current situation where natural rubber prices are too high and companies face losses, they can tap potentials in production, technology and management, save energy and reduce consumption, increase labor productivity, and use cheaper raw materials under the premise of ensuring product quality. . Second, relevant incentive policies should be introduced to increase the output of synthetic rubber and increase the cultivation of other natural rubber crops. Zheng Yongxiang said that there are many types of synthetic rubber, one of which is based on the molecular structure of natural rubber, which can partially replace natural rubber and is 20% cheaper than natural rubber. The state should increase support and increase the output of synthetic natural rubber. Cai Weimin, secretary general of the Rubber Industry Association’s tire branch, said that it is recommended that tire companies adjust their tire prices in a timely manner. This is the most direct and most effective way to absorb the price increase of rubber raw materials. As raw material prices have risen sharply and tire prices have been raised, according to the law of market prices, timely adjustment of tire prices should become a conscious action of all companies. Secondly, enterprises should adjust their production plans in a timely manner depending on the situation, limit production or press production, and eliminate backward products. This can not only increase the effective utilization of natural rubber and other raw materials, but also balance the existing tire market and compress tire inventory. In addition, internal management is strengthened, energy conservation and emission reduction are reduced, and production costs are reduced.
It can slow down the reaction, maintain chemical balance, reduce surface tension, prevent light, thermal decomposition or oxidative decomposition. it mainly includes lead salts, metal soaps, organic tin, organic antimony, organic rare earths, pure organic compounds. Thermal stabilizers commonly used in industry mainly include lead salts, metal soaps, organic tin, organic antimony, organic rare earths, pure organic compounds, etc.
1.1 Organotin Lead Salt Stabilizer, Compound Stabilizer,Pvc Stabilizer,Titanium Dioxide Anatase Henan Shunbang Chemical Industry CO.,Ltd , https://www.spvcresin.com
(1) Excellent transparency The biggest advantage of organotin stabilizers is that they have excellent transparency. The use of organotin stabilizers in PVC formulations can produce crystalline products. Because of this, organic tin can be used in bottles, containers, corrugated boards, various types of rigid packaging containers, hoses, profiles, films, etc.
(2) Extraordinary thermal stability In terms of thermal stability, there is no other type of thermal stabilizer that can surpass it. Therefore, it is the preferred stabilizer for rigid PVC, and some varieties have better performance in soft products. Suitable for all PVC homopolymers, such as emulsion, suspension and bulk PVC, as well as vinyl chloride copolymers, graft polymers and polymer blends.
(3) The product is non-toxic. Most organotin stabilizers are non-toxic, and the migration of organotin stabilizers in rigid PVC is minimal. Therefore, organotin stabilizers are the preferred heat stabilizers for PVC for food contact.
(4) Good compatibility. Organotin stabilizers have good compatibility with PVC, so there is generally no precipitation on the metal surface, such as lead salt stabilizers and metal soap stabilizer systems.
(5) Poor lubricity Sulfur-containing tin stabilizers have poor self-lubricity. Therefore, many commercially available sulfur-containing organotins are equipped with lubricants to prevent hot melt from adhering to processing equipment during processing.
(6) High cost Compared with other types of stabilizers, the overall performance of organotin stabilizers is closer to the ideal stabilizer. However, all organotin stabilizers, regardless of their structure, have the main disadvantage that their manufacturing cost is much higher than that of lead stabilizers or metal soap compounds. In recent years, by adopting new synthetic technology, or reducing its usage in formulas, its formula cost has been reduced. In the 1970s, foreign countries developed low-priced tin products, which reduced the tin content, which also reduced the price to a certain extent.
1.2 Lead salt
(1) l Excellent stability experiments proved that among the commonly used basic lead salts, the heat resistance of sulfite is better than that of sulfate, and the heat resistance of sulfate is better than that of phosphite. The tribasic lead sulfate, which is widely used in the PVC industry, has a higher effective lead content and shows better thermal stability than other products.
(2) Excellent insulation. Because lead salt is non-ionic and non-conductive, it is inert, which makes lead salt stabilizers widely used in wire and cable industries.
(3) Excellent weather resistance. Many salt compounds can act as white pigments and can show strong covering power, so they have strong weather resistance.
(4) Poor transparency Transparency is a problem related to weather resistance. When used in wires, cables and record materials, there is no need to care about transparency, because most of these products are white or very dark black.
(5) Inexpensive lead salt stabilizer is the lowest price among all stabilizers. Therefore, despite the continuous introduction of new stabilizers, lead salt stabilizers still dominate the stabilizer market after half a century. The composite lead salt introduced to solve the dust and dispersion problem has increased in price, but still maintains a competitive advantage with other types of stabilizers.
(6) The toxicity of the toxic lead salt stabilizer limits its application in many occasions with strict hygiene requirements. For example, many countries have revised the lead content standards in drinking water, and it is no longer possible to use lead salt in PVC water pipes.
(7) Poor dispersibility The dispersibility of salt lead is poor, but the newly launched one-package product is equipped with lubricants, which solves the dispersibility problem to a certain extent. Because of the above characteristics of lead salt stabilizers, they are especially suitable for high-temperature processing. They are widely used in various opaque hard and soft products and cable materials, such as various pipes, plates, indoor and outdoor profiles, foam plastics, artificial leather, and wires. Cables, records, welding rods, etc. The most important lead salt stabilizers are tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite, and dibasic lead stearate.
1.3 Organic antimony
(1) Better stability. The organic antimony stabilizer has basically the same color stability and lower melt viscosity as organotin at the same temperature. In the twin-screw extrusion process, the effect is particularly outstanding when used in combination with calcium stearate. .
(2) The price of organic antimony stabilizer is much lower than that of methyl tin or butyl tin. In addition, the amount of organic antimony used is relatively low, so the use of organic antimony can achieve a better performance/price balance.
(3) The product is non-toxic. In the United States, when a twin-screw extruder is used to manufacture PVC pipes, the PVC water supply pipe manufactured with a formula composed of antimony stabilizers, calcium stearate and other lubricants conforms to the U.S. NSF (National Sanitation Foundation) )Regulation.
(4) Poor transparency and light stability. The transparency of organic antimony compounds is not as good as organotin stabilizers, and it is also lower than the barium/fu and calcium/zinc metal soap system. It is close to lead salts and has poor light stability, so antimony is stable. The agent is mostly used for indoor products without color requirements. The antimony stabilizer itself is also required to be stored in an opaque container.
(5) Poor lubricity. Antimony stabilizers have poor lubricity. Therefore, its use must be combined with a large amount of lubricant without exception.
1.4 Metal soap
(1) The tin soap stabilizer Fu soap is the best type of metal soap. Its advantages are also reflected in the absence of initial coloring, and can produce colorless and transparent products; excellent light stability; it has the effect of preventing precipitation and adhesion. . However, because tin salt is toxic, there are strict regulations on its manufacture and use in the Labor Safety and Health Law. In recent years, the use of Fuzao has shown a downward trend.
(2) Zinc soap stabilizerThe thermal stability of zinc-based stabilizer to PVC is extremely poor. The sample with zinc soap suddenly turns black when heated, that is, the so-called "Zine burning" phenomenon occurs, but it has the following advantages: The initial coloring is excellent; the effect of preventing fouling is good; it can improve the weather resistance; many zinc soaps are recognized as non-toxic stabilizers, so they can be used in non-toxic formulations with calcium soaps.
(3) Barium soap stabilizer Barium compounds have good thermal stability and good lubricity, but the red initial coloration occurs during processing, and it is easy to cause sticking to the roller.
(4) The stability of calcium soap stabilizer is poor, but it is recognized as a non-toxic additive in the world and has excellent lubricity.
(5) Other metal soap stabilizers used in the industry include magnesium stearate, file stearate, aluminum stearate, potassium stearate, etc., among which magnesium stearate is similar to calcium stearate and can be used Materials that are in contact with food; aluminum stearate is similar to zinc stearate, and is approved by the U.S. FDA and the Japanese Vinyl Chloride Food Hygiene Association for food packaging; Stearic Acid files and potassium stearate are also non-toxic products and belong to lead salts , Tin soap and barium soap substitute.
(6) The performance requirements of the composite metal soap stabilizer processing industry for stabilizers are various, and a single metal soap often cannot meet the use requirements, so the use of composite stabilizers has become a trend. A single metal soap compound is rarely used in the PVC industry, and it is usually a compound of several metal soaps. This compound is not a simple addition of properties, but takes advantage of the synergy between the components. The composite metal soap stabilizer generally includes the stabilizer main body (i.e. metal soap), solvent (organic solvent, plasticizer, liquid non-metal stabilizer, etc.), functional additives (auxiliary stabilizer, transparency modifier, light stabilizer, Lubricants, etc.). According to the form, it is divided into solid compound and liquid compound. According to the main component, it can be divided into calcium/zinc compound stabilizer, barium/fu compound stabilizer, barium/zinc compound stabilizer, etc. Among them, the calcium/zinc composite stabilizer has a pivotal role in replacing toxic metals because it is non-toxic.
1.5 Rare earth stabilizer
(1) Excellent thermal stability The thermal stability of rare earth stabilizers is better than traditional lead salt series and barium/zinc, barium/ho/zinc stabilizers. In some applications, rare earth stabilizers can partially or completely replace organotin.
(2) Good transparency. The refractive index of rare earth stabilizers is very close to that of PVC Resin, which can replace traditional organotin and be used in the field of products with higher transparency requirements.
(3) Excellent weather resistance. Rare earth elements can absorb 230-320nm ultraviolet light. Therefore, rare earth stabilizers have anti-photoaging effects and are suitable for outdoor products such as PVC corrugated boards and window materials.
(4) Excellent electrical insulation properties. Some rare earth multifunctional stabilizers can be used to replace lead salt stabilizers in cable material formulations, and their electrical insulation properties are comparable to lead salts.
(5) Non-toxic, safe and hygienic. Rare earth elements are low-toxic elements and have no toxic hazards to the human body in their production, processing, transportation and storage. Rare earth stabilizers are non-toxic products and can be used in food packaging and medical packaging products.
(6) The processing performance is slightly worse. In the case of a large amount of rare earth stabilizer, the roll release of the material is not ideal, and there is a tendency to press out. Generally, better results can be achieved by using stearic acid or calcium stearate in combination.
In summary, rare earth stabilizers can be used for water pipes, injection pipe fittings, window frame profiles, door panels, wire ducts, foam products, artificial leather, cable materials, soft and hard transparent products, food packaging materials, etc.
1.6 Auxiliary stabilizers Auxiliary stabilizers include phosphite, epoxy soybean oil, hindered phenols, etc., which mainly rely on the synergistic effect between metal stabilizers to improve the stabilizing effect, and are generally called co-stabilizers. In addition to compounds such as mesaminocrotonic acid ester, 2-phenyl saccharin, vein derivatives, and diketone can be used in combination with metal stabilizers to improve the effect of metal stabilizers, they also have a certain stabilizing effect. Such compounds are usually called pure organic stabilizers. With the development of PVC stabilizers today, the progress of metal stabilizers is relatively slow, and the research and development of auxiliary stabilizers are unprecedentedly active, which has constituted a major trend in the field of PvC stabilizers. Auxiliary stabilizers are rarely used alone, and are often used in conjunction with primary stabilizers to improve initial coloration or improve long-term stability.