brake discDrivers in Connecticut must have their vehicles tested for emissions every two years. The results are sent to the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Some states require annual tests or combine them with safety inspections. Emissions tests check the pollutants your car releases through the exhaust system, aiming to reduce smog and improve air quality.

OBD Check vs. I/M240 Test

Most states require either an onboard diagnostic (OBD) test for vehicles made from 1996 onward, or an I/M240 dynamometer test for cars built between 1981 and 1995. During an OBD test, a technician connects a device to the car’s computer to check the performance of its emissions control systems. For the I/M240 test, a dynamometer simulates driving conditions while measuring exhaust emissions. Depending on the test, your vehicle will either pass or fail.

While many cars pass these tests, some models—especially older ones that haven’t been well maintained—are more likely to fail. Here are some common reasons why.

Old Motor Oil

Regular oil changes keep your engine running smoothly and reduce harmful emissions. Over time, motor oil breaks down and produces more hydrocarbons, which can be detected during an emissions test. If you’ve delayed an oil change, it might affect your test results. In many cases, simply replacing the oil can help you pass.

Too Much Fuel

The combustion process in your engine requires a precise balance of air and fuel. If there's too much fuel, it can lead to incomplete burning and excess emissions. This can cause your car to fail the test. Common causes include:

  • Malfunctioning fuel injectors or fuel metering systems
  • A faulty oxygen sensor
  • A damaged mass airflow sensor (MAF)

These issues not only affect emissions but can also lead to poor acceleration, loss of power, or even overheating. It’s important to address them promptly.

Spark Plug Problems

Spark plugs play a key role in starting your car and ensuring smooth operation. Worn or damaged spark plugs can misfire, leading to incomplete combustion and higher emissions. This can result in a failed emissions test and difficulty starting your vehicle.

Loose Gas Cap

Your gas cap is designed to prevent fuel vapors from escaping into the atmosphere. A loose or damaged cap can let fumes escape, causing your car to fail the inspection. Replacing the cap with a newer, tighter one often solves the problem.

Faulty EVAP System

The Evaporative Emission Control System (EVAP) keeps fuel vapors from escaping. If parts like hoses or vents are cracked or leaking, the system won’t work properly. This can lead to failed emissions tests and environmental harm. Regular maintenance helps keep this system functioning as intended.

Dirty Air Filter

A clean air filter ensures proper airflow to the engine, reducing emissions. If it becomes clogged, it can allow more hydrocarbons to enter the atmosphere. It’s recommended to replace your air filter every year or every 12,000 miles, whichever comes first.

Check Engine Light is On

The check engine light can signal a variety of issues, including problems with emissions. It may come on due to a faulty oxygen sensor or issues with the exhaust system. If your exhaust system is damaged or the catalytic converter is failing, you may notice signs like reduced fuel efficiency, loud noises, or a sulfur smell.

If your car fails the emissions test, you’ll usually have time to make repairs and retest. As a Certified Emissions Repair Facility, we can help diagnose the issue and provide the necessary repairs. Contact us today to schedule an appointment and ensure your vehicle meets all requirements.

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