[ Instrument Network Instrument R & D ] Zinc battery is a type of energy storage system that uses zinc metal or zinc oxide as the negative electrode active material, and has an indelible position in the battery development process. Zinc has the advantages of rich resources, high safety, low cost, and multi-electron transfer mechanism, which makes its volume specific capacity much higher than lithium. Although the development of zinc batteries has encountered stagnation in the past 20 years, with the increasing awareness of green and environmental protection and the development trend of lead-free in recent years, zinc batteries have ushered in a new round of worldwide attention. Vehicles, large-scale energy storage and special fields have great application prospects. However, today's short cycle life is still the biggest obstacle to its application, which is why the current application of zinc batteries is still dominated by primary batteries. Therefore, focusing on the key scientific issues of zinc storage chemistry and earnestly improving the efficiency of recharging is the key for secondary zinc batteries to re-enter the stage of history.
Relying on the Qingdao Energy Storage Industry Technology Research Institute ("Qingdao Energy Storage Institute") built by the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Process Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, starting from the development of zinc battery core electrolytes and interface design, in terms of long-life, highly stable zinc secondary batteries Achieved important research results. In 2016, Qingdao Energy Storage Institute realized the new 2.35 V high-voltage zinc secondary battery system for the first time using ultra-high concentrated salt-in-water electrolyte (Electrochem. Commun. 2016, 6, 69). In 2017, Qingdao Energy Storage Institute innovatively solved the problem of zinc anode-electrolyte interface wettability with a low-temperature repair strategy, providing a strong technical support for the application of zinc batteries in harsh conditions such as aerospace and deep-sea low temperatures.
Since 2018, Qingdao Energy Storage Institute has developed a series of eutectic zinc-based electrolyte systems, whose solvation structure, physical and chemical properties, and ion transmission behavior are highly adjustable. Importantly, the in situ solid electrolyte layer (SEI) was successfully constructed on the surface of the zinc anode for the first time, which deepened the traditional knowledge of the ion interface transport layer at the polyvalent metal interface. Inspired by the "brightener" in the electroplating industry, Qingdao Energy Storage Institute further proposed a modification strategy for amide polymers to precisely regulate zinc anodes in terms of side reaction inhibition and uniform deposition in traditional aqueous electrolytes, with a cycle life exceeding 8000 h . Based on the previous research progress, the team deeply analyzed the key issues, especially the interpretation of the negative electrode reversibility and failure mechanism, and proposed a beneficial strategy for the liquid / polymer electrolyte structure design. Application development provides a constructive solution (NPG Asia Mater. 2019, DOI: 10.1038 / s41427-019-0167-1).
The above research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Key Research and Development Plan, the two fusion funds, and the Youth Promotion Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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