A Mini Excavator is a small construction machine used for digging and digging tasks. It is also commonly known as a compact excavator or a mini excavator.Nuoman mini excavators typically weigh from 0.8 to 6 tonnes and are designed to be flexible and versatile for use in tight spaces and urban environments. They are equipped with a hydraulic system that powers the digging arm and bucket attachments.Mini excavators are commonly used in a variety of construction projects such as landscaping, trenching, digging foundations, demolition and utility work. They can be operated by one person and are commonly used in residential, commercial and industrial settings.Some of the key features of a mini excavator include a rotating platform for 360-degree movement, rubber or steel tracks for stability and traction, and a variety of bucket attachments for different digging and lifting tasks. They also come with a cab or canopy for operator safety and comfort. Mini Excavators,Excavators,Excavator manufacturers,Diesel Excavator,Electric Excavator Shandong Nuoman Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd , https://www.chinanuoman.com
China Instrument Network Instrument Research and Development. China has a long coastline and a thriving coastal economy, with vast and resource-rich seas surrounding the mainland and islands. As part of its maritime power strategy and the "Belt and Road" initiative, activities such as maritime transport, aquaculture, oil and gas exploration, scientific research, tourism, and military operations are becoming increasingly common. However, the weather in coastal areas is highly variable, with complex meteorological conditions and sea-land environments. Marine meteorological disasters like typhoons, strong winds, storm surges, heavy fog, and severe convective weather frequently occur. Despite this, there remains a significant gap in our scientific understanding of these extreme marine weather events, making accurate prediction difficult. A major contributing factor is the lack of comprehensive and reliable meteorological data at sea, especially in open waters.
Currently, oceanic meteorological observations rely mainly on satellite remote sensing, merchant ship reports, and non-operational aircraft observations in developed regions. However, the quality and quantity of this data fall far short of what is needed for scientific research and commercial applications. This deficiency limits our ability to study typhoon development mechanisms, sea-air interactions, and climate changes linked to El Niño events, thereby hindering improvements in marine weather forecasting, particularly for typhoon-related conditions. There are very few meteorological observation stations in the vast seas around China, and offshore buoys are limited in number. Merchant ships can only provide intermittent and scattered data, while sea surveillance aircraft struggle to collect information during adverse weather. Islands and survey ships also have limited atmospheric sounding capabilities, resulting in poor coverage and continuity in tropospheric profiling.
At present, China lacks an effective and cost-efficient method for meteorological detection in open seas, especially for vertical soundings. There is no established offshore meteorological system capable of conducting soundings during long-distance navigation, nor are there comprehensive observation platforms suitable for automatic navigation and operation under harsh sea conditions. To address this issue, it is essential to develop in-situ marine meteorological detection technologies that can be automatically deployed and function reliably under all sea conditions. Additionally, new maritime meteorological and hydrological observation platforms need to be created for both scientific research and commercial use.
In May 2016, a research team from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, successfully developed a semi-submersible unmanned boat designed for marine meteorological observations. This autonomous vessel features a semi-submerged structure, with most of the hull below the waterline, and only the equipment compartment above. This design significantly reduces wave impact, ensuring high stability. Moreover, the boat has a low center of gravity, enhancing its self-righting capability and improving survival rates in severe sea conditions.
From May 2016 to November 2017, the semi-submersible unmanned boat underwent river and sea trials in the Huaihe River and the Bohai Sea. These tests evaluated the functionality, technical maturity, and commercial viability of the platform, including the first launch of sounding rockets from an unmanned vessel. The trials enabled real-time observations of sea surface temperature, humidity, air pressure, and wind profiles in the marine boundary layer. The results demonstrated that the combination of semi-submersible hull design, automatic navigation, real-time satellite communication, automated meteorological observation, and rocket launching technology allows the boat to travel long distances and operate under complex sea conditions. It can perform continuous, real-time sea surface meteorological monitoring, conduct meteorological soundings, transmit real-time data and commands, and monitor conditions in the middle and lower troposphere.
This technology enables fixed-point or voyage-based detection of marine meteorological and hydrological elements, functioning as a mobile automatic weather and sounding station. It supports real-time monitoring of gales, fog, and thunderstorms at sea, while collecting parameters such as sea temperature, salinity, and currents. These observations provide critical data for marine meteorological and hydrological services, promoting research on sea-air interactions, heat flux estimations, ocean boundary layer simulations, and validation of marine satellite products.
The research findings were featured as the cover article in the fourth issue of *Advances in Atmospheric Sciences* in 2019. (Original title: Progress in Semi-Submersible Marine Meteorological Exploration Unmanned Boats)