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The main processes of bedrock excavation include: rock drilling, charge blasting, ventilation, sweeping and temporary wells, drainage, rock cleaning, lifting, support, etc.
A rock drilling When the depth of the blasthole is less than 1.5~2m , rock is drilled by hand-held rock drill; when the hole depth is more than 2m , rock can be drilled by FJH type annular drill stand or FJD type umbrella drill stand.
B blasting
a selection of blasting equipment The choice of blasting equipment is shown in the figure.
b Blasting parameters ( 1 ) Determination of explosive consumption:
1 ) Determine according to the prescribed explosive consumption quota or actual statistical value; it is best to test the value by multi-reference table numerical value combined with the actual rock conditions of the tunnel.
2) The amount of charge for the smooth blasting hole is generally measured by the amount of charge per unit length. When potters miners well as money nitrate explosives with the No.2 in the middle and soft rock, hole depth 2.5m ~ 3.5m, charge per meter blast holes is 150 ~ 200g; when large new Tongshan well boring, deep hole 3~4m , the charge per millimeter of gunhole is 300~400g .
( 2 ) The depth of the blasthole.
C auxiliary operation supporting equipment mainly includes: anchor spray support machine sinking special lifting machine, sinking winch, high lift crane pump, submersible pump, automatic turning device, laser measuring instrument, etc. The application of these ancillary equipments has basically achieved mechanized operations in shaft construction.
( 1 ) Special hoist for sinking well, its main technical features ( 2 ) Sinking winch (stable car) Suspension of various sinking equipment.
( 3 ) High lift crane pump
When the shaft is constructed, the wellbore is generally drawn into several well sections and constructed from top to bottom. The section height depends mainly on the stability of the surrounding rock of the wellbore, the amount of water inflow, and the construction equipment. It is generally divided into 2~6m (short section) or 30~60m (long section). Commonly used construction methods.