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Aerial lifts are essential tools used to access elevated areas safely and efficiently. These versatile machines come in various types, such as boom lifts, articulating boom lifts, scissor lifts, and telescopic boom lifts, each designed for specific tasks and environments.

In recent years, the construction and maintenance industries have increasingly turned to aerial lifts instead of traditional scaffolding or ladders. The main reason is their enhanced mobility, ability to reach difficult spots, and improved safety features that reduce the risk of accidents.

Among the leading manufacturers in the aerial lift industry are JLG and Terex’s Genie brands. These companies produce high-quality equipment that meets strict safety and performance standards, making them popular choices on job sites worldwide.

Like any heavy machinery, aerial lifts can pose serious risks if not used properly. Common hazards include falls from the platform, objects falling from above, tip-overs, ejection from the lift, structural failures, electrocution near power lines, and entanglement with moving parts.

To ensure safe operation, OSHA has developed detailed guidelines for using aerial lifts on construction sites. These regulations cover everything from pre-use inspections to proper training and emergency procedures.

Pre-Lift Inspection

Before every use, it's crucial to conduct a thorough inspection of your aerial lift. This includes checking key components like fluid levels, tires, electrical systems, and safety devices. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for maintenance and safety protocols.

  • Vehicle Components:
    • Check oil, hydraulic, fuel, and coolant levels
    • Look for any signs of leaks
    • Inspect wheels and tires for wear or damage
    • Ensure the battery and charger are functioning properly
    • Test lower-level controls for responsiveness
    • Confirm that horns, gauges, lights, and backup alarms are working
    • Verify that steering and brakes are in good condition
  • Lift Components:
    • Test all operating and emergency controls
    • Check personal protective equipment (PPE) for integrity
    • Inspect hydraulic, air, pneumatic, fuel, and electrical systems
    • Examine fiberglass and insulating parts for cracks or damage
    • Make sure all labels, warnings, and markings are visible and readable
    • Check mechanical fasteners and locking pins for tightness
    • Inspect cables and wiring harnesses for fraying or damage
    • Ensure outriggers, stabilizers, and other structures are secure
    • Look for missing or loose parts
    • Verify that guardrails are intact and functional
  • Work Zone Inspection:
    • Identify and avoid drop-offs, holes, or unstable ground
    • Check for inadequate ceiling heights
    • Watch for slopes, ditches, or uneven surfaces
    • Remove debris and clear floor obstructions
    • Stay away from overhead power lines and communication cables
    • Avoid operating in high winds or icy conditions
    • Be aware of people in the surrounding area

Safety Practices When Operating An Aerial Lift

Fall Protection

  • Keep all access gates and openings closed while the lift is in use.
  • Always stand on the platform floor with both feet firmly planted.
  • Never climb on or lean over the guardrails.
  • Avoid using planks, ladders, or other makeshift platforms.
  • Use a full-body harness or a restraint system with a lanyard attached to the boom or bucket.
  • Never tie off to adjacent structures or poles while in the bucket, as this can cause injury during movement.

Operation/Traveling/Loading

  • Never exceed the load capacity of the lift. Consider the total weight of workers, tools, and materials.
  • Do not use the aerial lift as a crane, as it is not designed for that purpose.
  • Do not carry items larger than the platform surface.
  • Avoid driving with the platform raised unless the manufacturer permits it.
  • Only operate lower-level controls when authorized by the workers in the lift (except in emergencies).
  • Never exceed the lift’s vertical or horizontal reach limits.
  • Avoid operating in high winds beyond the manufacturer’s recommended limits.
  • Never override safety mechanisms such as hydraulic, mechanical, or electrical locks.

Overhead Protection

  • Be mindful of overhead clearance and potential obstacles.
  • If possible, avoid positioning the lift between overhead hazards.
  • Assume all overhead power lines and cables are energized and maintain a minimum distance of 10 feet.
  • Request that utility workers de-energize power lines before starting work nearby.

Aerial Lift Stability

  • Deploy outriggers on stable, flat surfaces or use pads if necessary.
  • Engage the parking brake when using outriggers.
  • Place wheel chocks on sloped surfaces when appropriate.
  • Set up warning signs and cones to alert others in the work zone.

Group Discussion Topics

  • Is the aerial lift in good condition? Perform a daily visual check for tire pressure, hydraulic lines, and signage.
  • Are there any overhead hazards such as power lines or gas pipes in the area?
  • What is the condition of the ground where the lift will be operated?
  • How many people will be on the platform, and does the combined weight stay within the limit?
  • What factors could lead to the lift tipping over?

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